“履带式风送喷雾机喷雾装置设计 ”文献综述
摘要: 随着我国经济的发展和农业产业结构的调整，林果种植面积越来越大。国内林果植保机械化程度非常低，而且普遍沿用传统的大流量、粗雾滴甚至雨淋式的粗放喷洒方式,喷出的药液颗粒大、不均匀,弥漫性差,农药有效利用率低、农药残留超标且极易造成对果实以及土壤和环境的污染,亟待解决。
本文主要阐述了当下研究履带式风送喷雾机的目的意义是为了适应我国低矮密植的果园种植现状，方便在低矮果园中行进以及提高农药喷洒的利用率，使药液分布均匀，充分弥散减少对于环境的污染。讲述了国内外喷雾机从一开始的手动背负式喷雾机到悬挂式、牵引式的轴流风机，再到塔式果园喷雾机，最后到现如今的多风管定向喷雾机以及本课题研究的履带自走式的风送喷雾机喷雾装置的发展过程。最后通过分析对比，进行深入的研究与设计，提出具有针对我国现状特色的设计方案并加以创新，使其能够更加全面的为我国的植保工作提供便利。
关键词：履带式 病虫害防治 风送喷雾机喷雾装置
Literature review on the design of the spraying device for the caterpillar type air blast sprayer
Abstract: with the development of Chinas economy and the adjustment of industrial structure of agriculture, fruit growing area is more and more big. The domestic fruit plant protection mechanization degree is very low, and the widespread use of extensive spraying high flow, coarse droplets and even traditional rain type, liquid particles ejected, uneven, diffuse, effective use of pesticides and pesticide residues exceed the standard rate is low and easy to cause the fruit and soil and environmental pollution, which need to be solved urgently.
This paper mainly expounds the purpose and significance of the present research on crawler type air assisted sprayer is in order to adapt to the current situation of Chinas low Planting Orchard planting, facilitate the use of spray in the low orchard marched and improve the rate of pesticide, so that liquid distribution uniformity, reduce the pollution of the full dispersion. About the sprayer at home and abroad from the beginning of the shaft of the manual knapsack sprayer to suspension, traction flow fan, and then to the tower orchard sprayer, finally to the current multi wind pipe sprayer and track the research of self propelled pneumatic sprayer device development process. Finally, through the comparative analysis, conducted in-depth study and design, presents the design scheme according to the present situation of Chinas characteristics and innovation, so that it can be more comprehensive for our plant protection work to provide convenience.
Key words:Crawler type Pest control Spray device for air supply sprayer
课题研究目的和意义
近几年全国农业病虫发生面积超过70亿亩次，每年防治使用农药30多万吨，制剂100余万吨，为及时、有效控制病虫危害，保障粮食丰收做出了重要贡献。但由于不当用药、过量用药，导致残留污染等负面问题突出。所以当前，要适应形势要求，转变病虫防治方式，抓“控药”，抓精准施药，切实提高农药利用率，所以履带式风送喷雾机的研究显得十分的重要。
同时我国粮食取得“十连增”的辉煌成绩，植物保护即病虫防治做出了重要贡献。专家们分析，如果病虫不及时防治，可造成粮食损失30%左右，水果、蔬菜损失更大。而通过防治每年挽回粮食6 000~9 000万t，皮棉150~180万t，油料250~270万t。因此说植物保护是农业生产的一项十分重要的措施[1]。
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