中国木结构建筑的发展
摘要:近年来,随着社会发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们对具有节能、环保、低碳、可再生、抗震性能好、舒适性强的木结构建筑需求与日俱增,致使我国木结构建筑行业逐渐发展。本文介绍了古木结构发展历史及其发展原因,着重从建筑形式、生产经营、技术规范、企业规模及木结构在我国的应用情况阐述了木结构在我国的发展状况。从经济及生态环境两方面说明了发展现代木结构建筑的意义及其必然性。从发展背景、国家政策、木材储备、发展方向、发展对策等方面分析了木结构在我国的发展前景。
关键词:木结构 挑战 发展方向 规范 建筑形式
Development of Chinese wooden architecture
Abstract: In recent years, with the development of society and the improvement of peoplersquo;s living standards, peoplersquo;s demand for wood structural buildings with energy saving, environmental protection, low-carbon, renewable, good seismic performance, and strong comfort has increased, resulting in the gradual development of the wood construction industry in China. This paper introduces the history of ancient wood structure development and the reasons for its development. It focuses on the development of wood structures in China from the application of architectural forms, production and management, technical specifications, enterprise scale, and wood structures in China. The significance and inevitability of the development of modern wooden structures are explained in terms of economic and ecological environment. The development prospects of wood structures in China are analyzed from the aspects of development background, national policies, timber reserves, development direction and development strategies.
Keywords: wood structure; challenge; development direction; specification; architectural form
0 引言
木结构建筑是用木材构成承重构件的建筑物。中国早在5千多年前的石器时代就已出现木构架支承屋顶的半穴居式建筑,以后在这个基础上逐步发展和形成具有中国特色的穿斗式和梁架式建筑。西方也从古希腊、罗马原始木支承结构发展到后来的桁架式木屋架建筑和具有西方特色的木框架填充墙建筑。至今这两种木结构体系仍在东西方的民居中被广泛采用着。另外,尚有以原木叠置作墙的井干式结构房屋被产术地区所采用。木材的主要特性是体积密度小、导热系数小、加工方便,有一定的强度和韧性,并对人类有亲切感。缺点是易燃、易腐、易蛀和材质不匀等。随着科学技术的发展,现代木材的防火、防腐、防蛀等药物处理技术日臻完善,木材的改性、胶合和结合技术等均有较大改进,木结构已可用于大跨度结构建筑。
1 传统木结构发展历史
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