The Application of Flipped Classroom Teaching in English Teaching in Universities and Colleges in China文献综述

A Literature Review of

The Application of Flipped Classroom Teaching Model in English Teaching in Colleges and Universities

Introduction

With the rapid development of information technology, education has entered the information age. IT changes traditional forms of education, while supporting and promoting education. At the same time, one teaching form appears which is called Flipped Classroom .The Flipped Classroom reverses the traditional pre-class and after class, transfers knowledge before class, strengthens knowledge in class. The thought and practice of the Flipped Classroom originated in the United States. With the support and promote of IT, the Flipped Classroom is being favored by more and more educators and is used by a growing number of educators.

The Flipped Classroom Model, as a promising instructional technology, promotes the teaching efficiency and the achievement of the teaching goal. Simultaneously, it realizes the individualized learning so as to improve the communicative ability, autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability. So, this paper mainly makes an analysis of the application of Flipped Classroom teaching model in English teaching in universities and colleges.

The purpose of this paper is to change the traditional teaching model and provide some suggestions for the application of flipped classroom teaching model in English teaching in universities and colleges in order to improve the teaching and learning effect as well as cultivate studentsrsquo; ability to use English in daily communication.

The significance of this paper is to bring flipped classroom teaching model into English teaching in universities and colleges. It can improve teacherrsquo;s teaching concepts, realize studentsrsquo; autonomous learning and personalized learning as well help train their cooperative ability. This study is of great significance to the real application of flipped classroom teaching model in English teaching in universities and colleges in our country and it plays an important in improving studentsrsquo; cross-cultural communicative ability and comprehensive ability at the same time.

The review will be developed from three parts: the previous studies – including definition, origin, development, characters and root causes; the theoretical support – studies and application at home and abroad; as well as conclusion – existing problems, tendency and breakthrough.

1. Previous Studies

1.1 Definitions of the Flipped Classroom Teaching Model

Flipped classroom is to readjust the time inside and outside the classroom, the decision to learn the right to transfer from the teacher to the students. In this teaching mode, the students can focus more on the project based learning, to solve the problem of localization and globalization, and to obtain a deeper understanding. Teachers will not take up the time to teach information, the information needs of students to complete their own learnings. They can watch video lecture, listen to the podcast, read the function of enhanced e-books, but also on the network with other students to discuss the need for any time.

• 1. The Origin and Development of the Flipped Classroom Teaching Model

Nowadays, the flipped classroom model is becoming a new wave of education reform at home

and abroad, which provides a different way for the further development of teaching and learning. In 2011, it was even awarded by the Globe and Mail as “the major technology evolution affecting class teaching”. Flipped classroom actually origins form the Woodland Park High School in the shadow of Coloradorsquo;s Pikersquo;s Peak in America.

In the spring of 2007, chemistry teachers Jonathan Bergmann and Aaron Sams struggled to find time to reteach lessons for absent students, thus they bought a software that allowed them to record and annotate lessons, and posted them online. Surprisingly, not only absent students but also those who hadnrsquo;t missed class appreciated the way to review and reinforce classroom lessons. And soon, Bergmann and Sams realized they had the opportunity to radically rethink how they used class time. Since students has watched videos before class, two teachers made full use of class time to provide help for slower students. This is called the “flipped classroom”.

• 1. Categories

Traditional teaching model is based on teacherrsquo;s lecture, ignoring the development of the individual differences of students and student initiative and creativity capabilities. The Flip is a student-centered classroom, emphasizing the personality development of students, independent learning ability of students. Students in class or at home can have selective reading materials, to arrange time to learn, which makes the students time and space have great autonomy, and even moving to learn anytime, anywhere. Learning through the network plate, students not only equip with the knowledge, but also are improved in ability, such as, language skills, cooperation, innovation has been developed.

• 1. The Differences between the Flipped Classroom and Traditional Classes

Someone argue that the flipped classroom model equals to “preview plus traditional class”. However, these two types are totally different. In traditional class, students preview the knowledge by themselves without any help of others. They may find the difficult points and teacher will instruct the content again in class by explanation and demonstration. Obviously, preview only enables students to familiarize themselves with the content that the teacher is going to teach. And flipped classroom also contains two parts, but in different essences. Students study independently and think critically based on the micro video and finish the follow up practices to check their own learning results. And class time is distributed for students engagement in active activities like problem solving, case studying and so on to promote the knowledge internalization and application.

2. the theoretical support

2.1 Foreign Study on Flipped Classroom Teaching Model

In 2008, teaching reforms carried out Penn state university and the California state university, they are also typical cases of application of flipped classroom teaching model. In 2011, flipped classroom is recognized as the most important technological reform by Canadarsquo;s global mail newspaper. Flipped classroom teaching model has been applied in the teaching of undergraduate students and postgraduate students in western countries, and many fields are involved such as medical and nursing, biochemistry, materials science, laws and so on.

2.2 Domestic Study on Flipped Classroom Teaching Model

China Chongqing Jukui（聚奎）secondary school, Shenzhen Nanshan experimental school introduced the teaching mode, combined with the feature of the school began to flip the classroom teaching practice, but only as a teaching reform. Domestic practice of the school as well as the Nanjing Jiulong middle school, Guangzhou City, fifth middle school, etc.

2.3 Application Analysis of Flipped Classroom Teaching Model in English teaching in Universities and Colleges

A certain teaching mode must rely on certain teaching strategies to receive good teaching effect, so some teaching strategies of flipped classroom teaching model in English teaching in universities and colleges are proposed in order to respect the subjectivity of students and make students become the master of English learning at the same time.

2.4 The Existing Problems of Application of Flipped Classroom Teaching Model in English Teaching in Universities and Colleges

There are also some problems in the application of flipped classroom teaching model in English teaching in universities and colleges.

2.4.1 From the Perspective of Teaching videos

2.4.2From the Perspective of Traditional Education Concepts

2.4.3 From the Perspective of Information Technology

2.5 Suggestions for the Application of Flipped Classroom Teaching Model in English Teaching in Universities and Colleges

This part gives some suggestions for the application of flipped classroom teaching model in English teaching in universities and colleges in China on the basis of the existing problems.

• • 1. Changing Traditional Education Concepts

The major aim of education is to educate people, and it pays attention to the self- development as well as perfection at the same time. In the face of flipped classroom teaching model, traditional education concepts still plays a dominant role. However, flipped classroom teaching model provides students a personalized learning environment, and not only classroom teaching structures should be flipped, but also teaching concepts as well as teaching thoughts should also be changed as well. It cares the individual development of students, and it can meet the different development needs of students.

• • 1. Improving Professional Ability of Teachers

Flipped classroom teaching model have higher requirements for the comprehensive quality of teachers in English teaching in universities and colleges. In the process of the implementation of flipped classroom teaching model, teachers should both make teaching videos and organize class activities as well, and this can have influence on the successful application of flipped classroom teaching model in English teaching in universities and colleges.

1. Conclusion

In todayrsquo;s society of rapid development of information technology, it becomes an inevitable trend that information technology will promote the development of education. Flipped classroom teaching provides personalized learning environment for students in the process of English learning in universities and colleges by regarding information technology and cooperative learning as the support. In flipped classroom teaching model, classroom is no longer a place that teachers pass knowledge to students in one way, but it is a vigorous and ecological learning place constituted by teachers and students through different learning activities. In conclusion, it can be found that flipped teaching is a new kind of teaching model, and the application of it in English teaching in universities and colleges can arouse the interests of students in learning English in universities and colleges as well as constantly improve their English ability in daily communication. Flipped classroom teaching model makes use of information technology in order to provide help for students in the process of English learning in universities and colleges as well as make contributions to English education in China at the same time.

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